GEORGE  SOROS

Soros --The Life and Times of a Messianic Millionnaire    by Michael .T.Kauffman ; Published by Alfred.A.Knopf ; Page 344; Price U S $ 27/50.

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Michael Kaufman spent forty years with New York Times in several capacities. He had predicted the collapse of communism in Poland in his book-“Mad Dreams ,Saving Graces”. He bagged the George Polk Award for foreign reporting as also a Guggenheim fellowship.

The book under review is the first biography of George Soros which was written with his collaboration. Soros, global financier and philanthropist is the founder and chairman of a network of foundations that promote, among other things, the creation of open, democratic societies based upon the rule of law, market economies, transparent and accountable governance, freedom of the press, and respect for human rights.

As of February 2018, Soros had a networth of $8 billion, having donated more than $32 billion to the Open Society Foundations.

Soros is known as "The Man Who Broke the Bank of England" because of his short sale of US$10 billion worth of Pounds Sterling, which made him a profit of $1billion during the 1992 Black Wednesday U K currency crisis.

We follow Soros from his European dislocation to monumental success and phenomenal wealth. He was born a Jew in Budapest, Hungary, in 1930. His father was taken prisoner during World War I and eventually fled from captivity in Russia to reunite with his family in Budapest. Soros was thirteen years old when Hitler's Wehrmacht seized Hungary and began deporting the country's Jews to extermination camps. In 1946, as the Soviet Union was taking control of the country, Soros attended a conference in the West and defected. He emigrated in 1947 to England, supported himself by working as a railroad porter and a restaurant waiter, graduated in 1952 from the London School of Economics, and obtained an entry-level position with an investment bank. Ambition and opportunity drove him to the Mecca of capitalism—Wall Street where he adopted novel approaches and soon acquired the sobriquet,”The greatest money manager in the world ”. He established Quantum Fund which laid down the standards for hedge funds. The book is a fascinating account of how in a short period Soros accumulated wealth.

At the London School of Economics, Soros became acquainted with the work of the philosopher Karl Popper, whose ideas on open society had a profound influence on his intellectual development. Karl Popper in his monumental The Open Society and Its Enemies, maintained that societies can flourish only when they allow democratic governance, freedom of expression, a diverse range of opinion, and respect for individual rights.

Soros adapted Popper's ideas to develop his own theory of reflexivity," a set of ideas that explains the relationship between thought and reality, which he used to predict, among other things, the emergence of financial bubbles. Soros began to apply his theory to investing and concluded that he had more talent for trading than for philosophy. In 1967 he helped establish an offshore investment fund; and in 1973 he set up a private investment firm that eventually evolved into the Quantum Fund, one of the first hedge funds, through which he accumulated a vast fortune.

As his financial success mounted, Soros applied his wealth to philanthropic activities. He provided funds to help black students attend the University of Cape Town in apartheid South Africa. This was followed by a foundation in Hungary to support culture and education and help the country’s transition to democracy.Soros also distributed funds to the underground Solidarity movement in Poland, Charter 77 in Czechoslovakia, and the Soviet physicist-dissident Andrei Sakharov. In 1982, Soros named his philanthropic organization the Open Society Fund, in honour of Karl Popper, and began granting scholarships to students from Eastern Europe.

The magnitude and geographical scope of his philanthropic commitments, coupled with the core principle of fostering open societies, has allowed Soros to transcend the limitations of many national governments and international institutions. Soros spent $50 million to help the citizens of Sarajevo endure the city’s siege during the Bosnian war, funding among other projects a water-filtration plant that allowed residents to avoid having to draw water from distribution points targeted by Serb snipers.Most recently, he has provided $50 million to support the Millennium Villages initiative, which seeks to lift some of the least developed villages in Africa out of poverty.

His network of philanthropic organizations dedicated to building open societies has expanded to include more than 60 countries in the Middle East, Central Asia, Africa, and Latin America.

Through his projects he became a key figure in the collapse of communism. The story of his philanthropy is as fascinating as that of his financial rise.

We have intimate portraits of Soros and his family. He would abruptly turn away from some pending multi-million dollar venture to address complex problems in his philanthropic foundations and then switch back to money matters shifting gears, without dropping a beat, a decimal place, or any hint of emotion. When he was asked what accounted for his extraordinary record, he claimed that self-criticism was the decisive factor. He would discover his mistakes swiftly and correct them before they caused too much harm.

If a fully involved life was to be measured by its mixture of ideas and action, then Soros would become the most broadly and deeply engaged citizen of the world.

Soros published several books and contributed essays on politics, society, and economics to major periodicals around the world. The book under review is an eye-opener to the making of a citizen of the world and offers hints on how to develop one’s personality and talents even as one acquires financial expertise.

P.P.Ramachandran.

28/06/2020.

FIDEL CASTRO

My Life by Fidel Castro with Ignacio Ramonet ; Published by Allen Lane ; Pages 724 ; Price Rs 850/--

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This is an unusual autobiography in the sense that it is not written by Fidel Castro but spoken by him in the form of answers to a galaxy of questions put to him on a number of occasions over a period beginning with  January 2003 and concluding in December 2005—lasting in all for a hundred hours.

                                 This book-interview is a hybrid genre at once old and new. It is old in that one of its first examples was Wilhelm Goethe’s “Conversations with Ackerman” which came out in 1835. It is contemporary as recent recording techniques have made such works popular. The bonafides of the interviewer are impeccable. Ignacio Ramonet is the long-time editor of the French magazine Le Monde Diplomatique, one of the founders of ATTAC International and a key player in organizing the World Social forum. He is also the Founder of the NGO Media Watch Global. He is a frequent contributor to many learned journals. The book under review appeared originally in Spanish and has been translated into English by Andrew Hurley.

                                      This is a book of contemporary history. It supplements Castro’s statements with detailed notes which clarify and furnish information on the historical, political and cultural figures mentioned by Castro and recalls History. There is a detailed  chronology from 1926 to 2007 with useful parallels in time and geography.

                                       Few men have known the glory of entering the pages of both history and legend in their lifetime. Fidel is one of them. He is the last sacred giant of international politics. He belongs to the generation of mythical leaders like Nelson Mandela, Ho Chi Minh, Jawaharlal Nehru and Che Guevara.

                                       He had an all-encompassing vision of globalisation, its consequences and ways of confronting them; his arguments of great modernity and cleverness made patent qualities that included---his sense of strategy, his uncanny ability to read a situation accurately and his quickness of analysis.

                                          Under his leadership Cuba with a tiny population of 11 million people has conducted a very powerful foreign policy, of far-reaching consequences—it has even stared down the United States, whose ten Presidents failed to dislodge Fidel or even jostle the revolution one bit off its path.

                                             It is on record that despite persistent attacks by the U S, Cuba has never responded with violence for fifty years; that  not a single act of violence  encouraged or sponsored by Cuba has occurred in U S A.

                                               Fidel Castro is the President of Cuba. In 1959 he led the revolution that led to the fall of Fulgencio Batista. He held the post of Prime Minister till 1976, when he became President of the Council of State as well as of the Council of Ministers. Castro became the First secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba in 1965 and heralded the transformation of Cuba into a one-party Socialist republic. As President he holds the supreme military rank of Comandante in the Cuban military. On 31st July 2006 Fidel Castro temporarily transferred duties to his  brother  Raoul Castro.

                                       Castro’s life began in a sugar plantation 80 years ago. He went on to graduate as a lawyer, led a failed revolution against the Batista regime. He was tried and imprisoned. He escaped to Mexico only to return to begin a guerrilla war. In 1959 when he was thirty two only he marched triumphantly to Havana. He soon became Prime Minister and has remained in power ever since—that is for over 50 years. He has survived ten American Presidents and 600 attempts on his life.

                                          In this book Castro describes his life from 1930, all the way up to the present day. He discusses every thing—his parents, his earliest influences, the beginnings of the revolution, his relationship with Che Guevara, the Bay of Pigs Fiasco, the October Missile Crisis, the Carter years, Cuban migration to USA. He tackles a number of controversial questions from human rights, freedom of the press, repression of homosexuals and the survival of death penalty.

                                            Ramonet comes out as a well prepared  inter- locutor  tackling the communist leader’s legacy. Castro’s comments on world events and personalities are highly thought provoking and very fascinating. Special mention must be made of the disenchantment with Khrushchev after he withdrew all the missiles without checking with Castro. The exchange of letters between Castro and Khrushchev are highly impressive. Castro has sound advice to give Hugo Chavez of Venezuela during a 2002 coup attempt.

                                               There is no doubt that Fidel Castro was the most charismatic leader of those days, always controversial and one who stood firm as a rock for more than half a century.  He was a hero and an inspiration to the world’s poor having maintained his independence fiercely against heavy odds.

                                             In his eighties he has now set out in great and amazing details his remarkable autobiography. During his recent illness he revealed to reporters that he was keeping alive to ensure that this book has been checked by him. Castro narrates graphically his experience of  harsh elementary school teachers, the early failures of revolution, their amazing against-all odds victory over Batista, the Cuban side of the Bay of Pigs invasion and the October Missile crisis, the positive role of Cuba in African independence movements and above all his relations with the high and mighty like Boris Yeltsin, Pope John Paul II, Saddam Hussein and his dealings with ten American Presidents from Eisenhower to George Bush. Castro proudly declares that life expectancy in Cuba is higher than in USA, half a million students study in Cuban universities ,  there are  seventy thousand doctors in Cuba, a large number of them assisting the poor in Africa.

                                       Fidel was a leader who lived modestly, austerely, in spartan conditions. There was no luxury about or around him. His furniture was sober; his food was frugal and healthy. His habits were those of a soldier-monk. He had not taken advantage of his position to enrich himself. Hewas a man of impressive physique, over six feet tall, athletic and robust. Brilliant and baroque he had a visceral need to communicate with the public.

                                         He was given the name Fidel after a man who was his Godfather. At school he was outstanding at basketball, football and baseball. Since 1956 he has never been unarmed. ”I once said that if Ulysses was captivated by the song of the Sirens, I was captivated by the Marxist denunciations”, he declared about his faith. He explained why he sported a beard. “If you multiply the fifteen minutes you spend on shaving every day by the number of days in a year, you’ll see that you devote almost 5500 minutes to shaving in one year. An eight-hour day of work consist of 480 minutes, so if you don’t shave you gain about ten days that you can devote to reading, to sport, or to what you really care for ”. He shares intimacies about personal matters such as the kindness of his strict father, his attempts to give up cigars, his great love for Ernest Hemingway, respect for Romain Rolland and his high regard for Che Guevara.

                                      Ignacio Ramonet has brought out an extraordinary biography of an extraordinary leader who lived in times of great turmoil and came out with grace and won world esteem.  This is an outstanding autobiography of one of the greatest leaders of the 20th and 21st centuries.

P.P.Ramachandran

21/06/2020.

DAWOOD IBRAHIM

Dawood’s Mentor: The Man Who Made India’s Biggest Don by S. Hussain Zaidi; Published by Penguin; Pages 300; Price Rs 399/-

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Oliver Cromwell instructed his painter Peter Levy “ I would like my portrait to depict me with “pimples, warts and everything.”

If you want a portrait of Mumbai with “pimples.warts and everything” you have to merely read the books of S.Hussain Zaidi.

S. Hussain Zaidi is a crime writer, known for his popular books, Black Friday, Mafia Queens of Mumbai, Dongri to Dubai and Byculla to Bangkok. Two of these, Black Friday and Shootout at Wadala are successful Bollywood movies. His latest book, Dawood’s Mentor, focuses on Dawood Ibrahim and Khalid Khan Bachcha.

Dawood and Indian mafia are as inextricably intertwined as Al Capone and Mafia in USA. India’s goondas acquired a new sheen after this half-penny villain from the bylanes of Nagpada became the underworld’s Monarch- the emperor of all he surveyed.

Ambitious and intelligent, he outshone the Indian mafia and became a figure to conjure with.

S. Hussain Zaidi has acquired an aura as the chronicler of Goondagiri –virtually the last word on the subject.

The book under review concentrates on the one man who transformed Dawood into a cerebral don with an established seat in the underworld. Lording over the manifold activities of mafia demands as much intellect and intelligence as is summoned up in a world of business. Khalid Pehelwaan has successfully proved to be Goonda Guru whose Sishya proved admirably adept.

Khalid, an educated Pathan from Bhopal who came to Mumbai to become something in life became the mainspring of the underworld. The book leaps forward and backward with consummate ease traversing the Seventies dotted with the skirmishes between Dawood and the Pathan gang and a foray into how Khalid entered into Mumbai and became Bashu Dada’s right-hand man, Khalid’s extraordinary success, meeting Dawood, break-up with Bashu and joining hands with Dawood and ultimately leading to him leaving Dawood on a friendly note . Covered too are the current encounters of Zaidi with Khalid.

From the word Go there is a sustained pace in the narrative from the beginning where he discusses the attack on Dawood by Pathan gang’s Amirzada and Alamzeb to introducing  the Pathan in Dawood’s life. With remarkable speed events unfold and we are privy to the thought process of Khalid.

There is highly effective characterisation and each personality is deftly portrayed .

The reader is entertained by the real-life drama .Learn all you want to know about Khalid , his business dealings, his links with Bashu Dada and Dawood. Information on Dawood’s father, Pathans in India and how dealings are recounted.

If you love Hussain Zaidi’s books, here is one more riveting book. Though not as grand as his previous books, it is still a chip off the old block.

According to author Hussain Zaidi, Khalid had left an indelible impression in Dawood's mind.

"Khalid had taught him the felicity to survive against the heaviest odds. Khalid's lessons never went waste with Dawood," .Tired of being bullied, a scrawny, impoverished Dawood Ibrahim is looking for a saviour, Khalid Khan Bachcha, who would teach him the ropes of handling a bunch of hooligans.

In Dawood's Mentor, Dawood meets Khalid and they eventually forge an unlikely friendship. Together they defeat, crush and neutralise every mafia gang in Mumbai. Khalid lays the foundation for the D-Gang as Dawood goes on to establish a crime syndicate like no other and becomes India's most wanted criminal. A good engrossing entertainer.

P.P.Ramachandran.

14/06/2020.

HAJJI  BABA OF ISPAHAN

The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan; Published by John Murray ; Pages 295; Price US $ 6/76.

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The extraordinary thing about this book is that

its 1895 edition published by Macmillan carries an introduction by Lord George Curzon . Curzon was then a minister in the House of Parliament and was serving as Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. He later served as Viceroy of India.

James Morier ( 1782 – 1849) was a British diplomat and author noted for his novels about the Qajar dynasty in Iran, most famously for the Hajji Baba series. He was born in Smyrna and after private education in England he worked in his father's Smyrna business .Through the influence of his uncle, an Admiral,Morier entered the diplomatic service. He first visited Iran in 1808 as secretary to Sir Harford, a special British envoy to the Shah and published an account of his experiences---A Journey through Iran, Armenia and Asia Minor to Constantinople. In 1809 he accompanied the Iranian envoy to Britain, Mirza Hasan, and in 1810 returned to Iran as Secretary of Embassy on the staff of the Ambassador to Iran. He remained there as Chargé d'Affaires.

With his knowledge of Eastern life and manners, he wrote several entertaining novels. The most popular of these was The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan and its sequel The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan in England. There followed Zohrab the Hostage,Ayesha the Maid of Kars, and The Mirza, all full of brilliant description, character-painting, and delicate satire.

Morier is credited with introducing the word “Bosh”, meaning absurd or foolish talk, into the English language.

This book is the first peek into Persia, the best ever capturing of what it was in that time, fact or fiction, and still the most popular Oriental novel in English.

At a pressing point of British colonial power, the Crown established a mission in Persia with an 1809 treaty of alliance. In 1810 they sent James J. Morier as Secretary of Embassy, and from 1814 to 1816 he served as Chargé d’Affaires. The choice was a brilliant one. Sir James made his presence digestible by adopting Qajar Persian customs, stayed quieter than a painting on a wall, and came away with an essential grasp of the culture, and an insight into the regime, not visible even to the natives. He returned home, published reports, and accounts of his travel, and then this novel, which he coyly disconnected from by presenting the picaresque narrative as merely his translation of the coming of age autobiography of one Hajji Baba, a wholly fictional character. In the charade, Hajji Baba tells the tale of his rise from poverty to become the Shah of Persia’s emissary to Britain, but when he is recalled in disgrace, and possibly execution, he entrusts the diary of his life to Morier as his chosen facilitator for publication. It is an adventure , drawing splendid character portraits, and descriptions, but it is rich in satire, ridiculing Persian society as violent, the culture as scandalously dishonest and decadent, and the people as rascals, cowards, fools, and puerile villains.

Morier's novel first published in 1824 remained popular well into the twentieth century. The novel was lauded as an accurate portrayal of Persia by many of Morier’s contemporaries, and came to have a significant afterlife even in Iran.

Hajji Baba begins and ends with fictional letters penned by Europeans which frame the narrative within. The premise is that Hajji Baba was a living individual who gifted his diary to a British traveller, who himself went on to translate and publish it. The narrative follows the eponymous Hajji Baba on his life adventures travelling throughout Persia. After a series of encounters during which he plays different roles, lowborn Hajji Baba eventually becomes the assistant of the Persian ambassador to Britain. The story is partly based on Morier's own experiences and acquaintances during his time in Persia. In particular, the Persian envoy to Britain featured in the novel, Mirza Firouz, reflects the actual Persian envoy to Britain at the time, Mirza Abdul Hasan Khan. The Mirza and Morier were reportedly friends until the publication of Hajji Baba; however, Morier's portrayal of Persia was so unfavorable that Khan reportedly decided to cut ties with him.

Hajji Baba corresponds to the picaresque genre, a type of satirical, episodic fiction that centers on a lovable rascal. The early nineteenth century in Britain ushered in a new kind of picaresque novel, where the main character is a foreign, non-British character who traverses an "exotic" country. This shift coincided with the growing European geo-political interests in the Middle East.Morier’s portrayal of Persia focuses on the country's manners and customs, and ultimately presents Persia as a backward amoral place. In fact, while Hajji Baba “exposes the corruption from the inside,”he eventually triumphs by working within this corrupt system.

Hajji Baba was vital reading for anyone who sought to understand Persian culture. The book was extremely popular in Britain . Curzon’s introduction to Hajji Baba is indicative of the contemporary, educated British understanding of the novel as offering an accurate account of Persia, notwithstanding its fictional nature. Curzon writes:

"Above all, in its delineation of national customs, the book is an invaluable contribution to sociology, and conveys a more truthful and instructive impression […] than any disquisition of which I am aware in the more serious volumes of statements, travellers, and men of affairs."

A perfectly enchanting book by a Wordsmith whose style of writing rivals Oliver Goldsmith and whose recount of adventures is as good as those of Alexander Dumas’s Three Musketeers.

P.P.Ramachandran.

07/06/2020.

PSYCHIC--HURKOS

Psychic by Peter Hurkos ; Published by Bobbs-Merril Company ;Pages 224; Price U S $ 12/-

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Peter Hurkos is beyond doubt the world's foremost psychic. He was born May 21, 1911, in Holland and died on June 1, 1988 in Los Angeles. He acquired his psychic gift in 1941 after having fallen from a scaffolding and sustained a brain injury. He was in a coma for three days at the Zuidwal Hospital. Upon regaining consciousness, he discovered he had developed an ability to pierce the barriers that separate the past, present and future. With stunning accuracy, he was able to see into the unknown.

Hurkos gained worldwide acceptance as a psychic detective, working on cases involving missing planes, persons, and murder victims after his fall. Some of his most illustrious cases were "The Stone of Scone" , "The Boston Strangler Multiple Murders" , "The Missing Thai Silk King, Jim Thompson" , "The Ann Arbor Co-Ed Murders" and "The Sharon Tate Murders" .

In 1956, Hurkos was brought to the United States by Dr.Andrija Puharich, to be tested at his Glen Cove, Maine medical research laboratory. For two-and-a-half years he was tested under tightly controlled conditions. The results convinced Dr. Puharich that Hurkos' psychic abilities were far greater than any he had ever tested . . . a remarkable 90% accuracy.

Hurkos' forte was psychometry, the ability to see past-present-future associations by merely touching objects.

"I see pictures in my mind like a television screen. When I touch something, I can then tell what I see." - said Peter Hurkos.

Hurkos has also participated in missing persons and murder investigations across the United States.

Hurkos’s gift (psychometric) has been devoted to locating missing persons ; he's worked with various police departments helping to solve cases; he was featured in the Boston Strangler case.

During his early career as a psychic entertainer, Hurkos employed his psychic powers to discern details of audience members' private lives that he could not otherwise have known.

James Randi analyzed his performances and professed to have identified a number of standard cold reading techniques. For example, Hurkos might begin with something seemingly personal but actually quite common: a surgery. Hurkos would not specify that the subject underwent surgery—it could be any recent surgery of personal relevance to the subject.

Other common techniques included guessing numbers of people in families , including nonsense words in his presentation that could be interpreted by the subject to have any one of many meanings, and guessing on the importance of common names, which could be permutated as needed. (He most commonly used the name "Ann," which would give him a success with anybody who had a relative or friend or teacher or boss or co-worker named Ann, Anna, Anastasia, etc., at any time in his or her life.)

Hurkos and his supporters maintained that he was a great psychic detective. In 1964, Attorney General Edward W Brooke of Massachusetts said Hurkos had come ''uncannily close'' to describing the person suspected in the Boston Strangler case. By 1969, he cited the successful solution of 27 murder cases in 17 countries. However, in some cases the detectives assigned to these cases countered that Hurkos contributed no information unobtainable from newspapers and, in some cases, that he had no part in the investigations whatsoever.

Hurkos made notable claims contrary to popular belief such as the claim that Hitler was alive and living in Argentina.

In 1964, Hurkos was put on trial on the charge of impersonating a federal agent, found guilty, and fined $1,000.

In the case of murderer J .N. Collins, he sometimes claimed the killer was blond and at other times brown-haired so that he could claim victory either way. He claimed to have identified Charles Mansion to police. In fact, Hurkos had been to the Tate residence to do a "reading," but his guesses, including descriptions of how the "killings erupted during a black magic ritual known as 'goona goona,'" were inaccurate.

A story about Hurkos' alleged psychic powers entitled "The Man With The X-Ray Mind" appeared in Frank Edwards' 1959 book “Stranger Than Science”.

Many authors have critically examined various details of Hurkos's life and alleged ESP in more than 75 published books.

He also appeared in several motion pictures as himself, including The Amazing World of Psychic Phenomena and Now I Lay Me Down to Sleep. George Vokosec portrayed Hurkos in The Boston Strangler, the 1968 movie adaptation of Gerold Frank's 1966 book . His life may also have been the basis for the 1979 Stephen King novel The Dead Zone.

At the time of his death, Peter Hurkos resided in Los Angeles. He failed to predict accurately the date of his own death.

Peter Hurkos gained notoriety as a psychic during the late 1960s when he helped police solve the Tate-La Bianca murders by telling them that the man behind them was bearded and called Charlie who turned out to be the bearded, Charles Manson. Hurkos penned a trio of books, and has been profiled on a number of television documentaries and specials.

Hurkos was decorated as a war hero by Queen Juliana of The Netherlands.There is a statue commemorating Hurkos and seven other Dutch Underground war heroes in the Center Square in Rotterdam.

He had been a consultant to every President of the United States from Eisenhower to Reagan. Hurkos received countless police badges from police chiefs around the world, including one from the International Police Association, and Interpol. His Holiness, Pope Pius XII, decorated Hurkos stating; "I hope you will always use your God-given Gift for the betterment of mankind. Use it as an instrument to touch the people, to help them."

Hurkos astounded international audiences with his amazing psychic demonstrations.
He also appeared in several motion pictures as himself: "The Amazing World of Psychic Phenomena" ; "Mysterious Monsters" ; and "Now I Lay Me Down to Sleep" . 20th Century Fox highlighted his abilities in the motion picture "The Boston Strangler" which starred Tony Curtis, Henry Fonda and George Kennedy and was directed by Richard Fleisher.

Hurkos published three books: Pyschic, The Psychic World of Peter Hurkos and Peter Hurkos : I have many lives . His achievements have been the focal points of more than seventy-five books.

One example from this book:

Hurkos was in an hospital after a fall--- when a man entered his room.

" I found myself staring intently at the stranger in shocked disbelief.

I turned to the nurse and asked, “Who is that man?.

"Stop him. He is going to be killed. He is a British agent and the Germans know about him. He will be killed in Kalver Street.Stop him.”

Hurkos was ignored.

Two days after his release from hospital, the British agent, who had been parachuted into Netherlands was killed in Kalver Street by the Gestapo---Page 18.

P.P.Ramachandran

31/05/2020.